Befv infection causes a sudden onset of fever and other clinical signs including lameness, anorexia and ruminal stasis, followed by a sustained drop in milk production. Introduction bovine ephemeral fever bef or threeday stiff sickness is a clinically severe, short duration, noncontagious arboviral disease of cattle and buffaloes 15. At least 4 antigenic subtypes have been identified, but there is only one serotype. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is a viral disease of cattle and buffalo. Bovine ephemeral fever bef also known as three day sickness is an arthropod vectorborne disease of cattle and is caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus befv, a member of the genus ephemerovirus in the family rhabdoviridae virology. Bovine ephemeral fever bef, a noncontagious vectorborne viral disease of cattle and water buffalo, is characterized by sudden onset of fever, stiffness, and lameness, usually with high morbidity and low mortality, and with rapid recovery within 34 days of the onset of clinical signs.
Some closely related viruses, such as kotonkan virus, may cause similar illnesses. A study of the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever confirmed that the major clinical signs were fever lasting no more than 2 days, with increased respiratory rate, dyspnoea and some degree of lameness. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is probably an ancient disease of cattle and buffalo in asia and africa. Infection results in fever, stiffness and a temporary reluctance to move followed, usually, by complete recovery. Low levels of antibody have been recorded in several.
The dimensions of befv virion are 70 nm ranging from 60. Penyakit klinis berjalan sangat singkat biasanya tidak lebih dari tiga hari. Bovine ephemeral fever causes economic losses by a sudden drop in milk production in dairy. Molecular epidemiology of bovine ephemeral fever virus in. Caused by an arthropodborne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus befv, the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of africa, the middle east, asia and australia. Bovine ephemeral fever is caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus befv, a member of the genus ephemerovirus in the family rhabdoviridae. A largescale outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in turkey, 2012. Bovine ephemeral fever demam tiga hari merupakan penyakit yang bersifat ringan yang umumnya menyerang pada sapi dan ditandai dengan demam tinggi rasa sakit otot dan pincang. Epizootics of bovine ephemeral fever on dairy farms in saudi arabia m. Genetic characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus in. There is a sudden onset of fever as high as 410c compared with the normal temperature of about 380c.
The virion of befv is enveloped, bulletshaped, and slightly tapered toward the rounded end. Outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever bef occurred in israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. Pdf a largescale outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in. Also commonly known as 3 day sickness, bef is an arthropodborne virus most likely mosquitoes and widespread in queensland. Pdf bovine ephemeral fever pada ternak sapi potong di. Bovine ephemeral fever is an economically important disease of cattle and water buffalo in most tropical and subtropical regions of africa, australia, the middleeast and asia. Penyakit bovine ephemeral fever pada sapi ilmu ternak. Sapi yang menderita penyakit ini cepat sembuh bila tanpa komplikasi. Bovine ephemeral fever overview bovine ephemeral fever bef, commonly known as three day sickness, is a disease of cattle and occasionally buffaloes, marked by short fever, shivering, lameness and muscular stiffness. In outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever, the morbidity rate may be as high as 80%. Bovine ephemeral fever virus befv can cause bovine ephemeral fever and is an economically important arbovirus of cattle.
Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever. Pdf bovine ephemeral fever in australia and the world. Befv occurs seasonally in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of africa, asia and australia. It has been known for the past decades in iran based on clinical. Box 17285, riyadh 11484, saudi arabia summary in 1990 and 1996, field veterinarians suspected the clinical occurrence of bovine. It can cause significant economic impact through reduced milk production in. Bovine ephemeral fever saudi arabia sentinel herd serosurveillance. Bovine ephemeral fever pada ternak sapi potong di kabupaten gunungkidul, yogyakarta laporan kasus bovine ephemeral fever bef or three days sickness is one of the most common disease in cattle. After significant falls of rain, we often see an increase in cases of bef in the area. Bovine ephemeral fever bovine ephemeral fever bef is economically important arthropodborne disease that affects cattle and water buffalo bovine ephemeral fever virus befv\ rhabdoviridae family single serotype transmitted by arthropods. The main patterns of bef spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the bef virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the rift valley and the red sea.
May 03, 2019 bovine ephemeral fever is an arthropodborne viral disease affecting mainly domestic cattle and water buffalo. The disease becomes more evident and economically important, wherever cattle populations increase or production systems intensify. Bovine ephemeral fever by iowa state university center for. Bovine ephemeral fever is an arthropodborne viral disease affecting mainly domestic cattle and water buffalo. Bovine ephemeral fever bef, commonly known as three day sickness, is a disease of cattle and occasionally buffaloes, marked by short fever, shivering, lameness and muscular stiffness. Caused by an insect borne virus, the disease is widespread in northern australia. Peter kirkland senior principal research scientist elizabeth macarthur agricultural institute menangle and graham bailey cattle health coordinator animal biosecurity and welfare orange. Bovine ephemeral fever bef or three days sickness is one of the most common disease in cattle. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is a disease that affects cattle and occasionally buffaloes and is marked by a short fever, shivering, lameness and muscular stiffness. Bovine ephemeral fever is an economically important arboviral disease that affects cattle and water buffalo, and is widespread in tropical and semitropical areas of the eastern hemisphere. Bovine ephemeral fever is an insecttransmitted, noncontagious, viral disease of cattle and water buffalo that is seen in africa, the middle east, australia, and asia. Overview of bovine ephemeral fever generalized conditions.
A study on bovine ephemeral fever involving sentinel herds. Bovine ephemeral fever was observed in animals with signs of biphasic temperature, nasal discharge, depressed, off feed condition, muscle twisting, shivering, ruminal atony and watery ocular discharges. Bovine ephemeral fever causes economic losses by a sudden drop in milk production in dairy cattle and loss of condition in beef cattle. The etiological agent of this disease is bovine ephemeral fever virus, a member of the genus ephemerovirus within the family rhabdoviridae.
This study reveals prominent befv outbreaks in india, emerging annually during monsoons in subtropical areas accompanied by a congenial abundance of the vector population. While the illness is usually brief, it can result in decreased milk yield, loss of condition and reproductive losses, and recovery can be prolonged in some. Inapparent infections can develop in cape buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck, wildebeest, deer, and possibly goats. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is an economically important viral vectorborne cattle disease.
Bovine epizootic fever, ephemeral fever, threeday sickness, threeday stiffsickness, dragon boat disease, lazy mans disease, dengue of cattle bovine ephemeral fever is an economically important viral disease of cattle and water buffalo. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is a vectorborne disease of cattle, spanning tropical and subtropical zones of asia, australia, and africa, caused by ephemerovirus of the rhabdoviridae. Bovine ephemeral fever is seen as sporadic form in some provinces of iran, mostly near south parts and warm area and this disease occurs in asia countries at the south of a line that includes iraq, iran, pakistan, bangladesh and so on 7. Bovine ephemeral fever virus and its susceptible species bovine ephemeral fever virus befv, the causative agent of bef, is a member of the genus ephemerovirus within the family rhabdoviridae. Several liveattenuated, inactivated and recombinant vaccines have been tested, demonstrating varying. Bovine ephemeral fever primerdesign ltdvirus tm 150 tests genesig standard kit for general laboratory and research use only 1 quantification of bovine ephemeral fever virus genomes genesig standard kit handbook hb10. Bovine ephemeral fever bef, also commonly known as threeday stiffsickness, is an infectious disease caused by an arthropodborne rhabdovirus bovine ephemeral fever virus befv affecting cattle and water buffalo bubalus bubalis.
Hosts it is a acute arthropodborne viral disease of cattle and water buffalo that is seen in africa, the middle east, australia and asia. Viruses free fulltext bovine ephemeral fever in asia. Bovine ephemeral fever or 3day sickness is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Bovine ephemeral fever bef is an arthropodborne viral disease of cattle caused by a single stranded rna virus that belongs to the rhabdovirus group. Walker 1 and eyal klement2 abstract bovine ephemeral fever or 3day sickness is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Typically, affected animals are only unwell for a few days hence its more common name, threeday sickness. Bovine ephemeral fever bef or bovine epizootic fever is a non contagious arthropodborne disease arbovirus from the rhabdoviridae family of cattle, characterised by an acute fever of short duration, with high morbidity and low mortality. Bovine ephemeral fever an overview sciencedirect topics. Feb 10, 2016 bovine ephemeral fever bef is an arthropodborne viral disease of cattle caused by a single stranded rna virus that belongs to the rhabdovirus group. Bovine ephemeral fever pada ternak sapi potong di kabupaten. Identification and phylogenetic characterization of bovine.
Bovine ephemeral fever bef is a disabling viral disease of cattle and water buffaloes. Epidemiological investigation of bovine ephemeral fever. Bovine ephemeral fever three day sickness by mujahid hussain 2. Bovine ephemeral fever bef also known as three day sickness is an arthropod vectorborne disease of cattle and is caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus befv, a member of the genus ephemerovirus in the family rhabdoviridae. Albukomy national agriculture and water research center, p. To expand the knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of befv in southern china, the complete surface glycoprotein g gene of befv was sequenced from samples collected in five restricted outbreaks from 20 to 2017, namely 20zh, 2014hm, 2015gx, 110822016, and qy2017.
Bovine ephemeral fever virus befv is an evolving arbovirus reported across tropical, subtropical, and temperate climatic zones globally. Salient features of the disease are its acute and aggressive clinical. The disease is caused by rhabdoviridae virus transmitted through mosquito as a vectors. In the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern mediterranean coastal plain and the.